The Medical Minute: West Nile Virus usually not cause for alarm

Some Pennsylvanians may be holding their breath wondering what the state's three recently reported cases of West Nile virus (WNV) mean for enjoying the last few weeks of summer.

2012 was one of the United States’ worst outbreaks of the virus, and news reports late last summer may have led you to believe that you were in danger of catching the disease spread to humans by mosquitoes.

What reporters didn’t tell you is that regardless of the threat level, WNV creates no real cause for alarm for most people.

According to Wallace Greene, medical director of the Clinical Pathology Diagnostic Virology Laboratory at Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, most people won’t even know they are infected.

“The big thing is, 75 percent of the people who get the West Nile virus will have no symptoms what-so-ever,” Greene said. “Only 25 percent will have symptoms.”

Those symptoms are flu-like and include fever, headache, and fatigue and last three-to-six days. Unlike the flu, no vaccine exists to prevent WNV.

Of that 25 percent, one percent will develop an infection in their central nervous system like meningitis or encephalitis, which is suspect if a person shows signs of a changing mental state, or “acting differently.”

“That is, fortunately, much, much rarer,” he said. “And it is, by far, more common in older adults — 60 and up– than it is with younger people.”

Among young people, only one in 700 will have symptoms. Other than the elderly, transplant patients and others whose immune systems are compromised also may need to concern themselves.

During months of July through September, when WNV is most commonly seen, the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) advises the people to take the following steps to prevent infection:

• Remove potential breeding sites by cleaning gutters, draining flower pots, and properly maintaining swimming pools.
• Wear long sleeves and pants when outside, especially at dawn and dusk when mosquitoes are most active.
• Use insect repellants containing at least 20 percent DEET. Products do not have to be applied directly to the skin and can be sprayed on a hat or other clothing.

Greene says that locally, mosquitoes don’t migrate very far, so just clearing out stagnant water will drastically decrease the likelihood of mosquito bites.

“If you get bit in your backyard, it’s either your home-grown mosquitos or those of your immediate neighbors,” he said, adding that there are products available to treat your property that are safe for humans but toxic to the insects.

The health department monitors for many mosquito-borne diseases and may also spray if they find mosquitoes testing positive for WNV.

Based on the current conditions, including the decreased numbers of mosquitoes and susceptible birds, Greene believes 2013 will be a mild year for the disease despite the recent reporting of three confirmed cases in the state.

For more information, visit:

• http://www.westnile.state.pa.us
• http://www.cdc.gov
• http://academy.asm.org/index.php/faq-series/793-faq-west-nile-virus-july-2013

The Medical Minute is a weekly health news feature brought to you by Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center. Articles feature the expertise of Penn State Hershey faculty physicians and staff, and are designed to offer timely, relevant health information of interest to a broad audience.

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